Table of Contents
Vaccines:
Types vaccines
5: DNA vaccine:
6:Recombinant proteins vaccine:
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Vaccines (dead cells): “Vaccines is dead cells which are introduced into the body in order to kill microbes and add immunity against specific disease.”
Role vaccines play in developing immunity
Vaccines can increase the body’s immunity against infections.
These infections can be deadly or not, and they may not even cause illness.
When imitated vaccinations are injected they can cause symptoms.
The body will remember the disease when it is no longer infected.
The body does not develop immunity immediately after vaccination.
It can take up to several days for the immune system to build up after vaccination.
Immunity to various diseases can be achieved through vaccination.
It is possible that a person who has not been vaccinated could spread diseases to others.
Risk of outbreaks can develop.
An outbreak occurs when a number of people in the same community are affected by a certain disease.
Unvaccinated people are increasingly responsible for epidemic outbreaks.
In Pakistan, swine influenza is spreading from city to city every day between December 2017 and January 2018.
Five people were killed by influenza virus after not getting vaccinated.
Different vaccines exist.
Vaccines come in many different types. There are several types of vaccines in use.
Whole-Organism Vaccine
Purified macromolecules as vaccines
Recombinant vaccine
DNA vaccine
Multivalent Subunit Vaccines
Description: There are different types of vaccines, each with their own advantages and disadvantages.
1: Attenuated vaccines:
These vaccines are used to boost immunity. They contain virulent bacteria whose effectiveness is reduced due to virulence. These vaccines have been activated.
Advantages:
This vaccine is very affordable.
This product provides immunity instantly and quickly.
Disadvantages:
1. The virus is a disease-causing agent that can spread.
2: Inactivated vaccine:
It is made of microorganisms which have been killed. Their virulence and effectivity are reduced.
Inactivated vaccines are made from the dead cells of microorganisms.
The body is protected from pathogenic attacks by these supplements.
Advantages:
1. There was no virus spread and no disease.
Disadvantages:
These vaccines produce a weaker response than live vaccines.
Adjuvants need to be activated or properly functioning before they can begin.
3:Toxoid vaccine:
It is poisonous and contains different pathogens.
This poison has been rendered harmless but is still capable of curing disease.
These agents are effective against a variety of toxic substances.
Advantages:
The toxin is prevented from causing any damage to the body.
They can develop memory after the first injection.
Disadvantages:
1. The side effects of the vaccines are not always harmful, but they can sometimes cause an immune system to be weakened.
4: conjugate vaccines:
The covalent bonding increases the effectiveness of the weaker antigen.
Advantages:
1. The safety of the vaccine is very important, as it has no harmful side effects or diseases like the live attenuated Vaccine.
Disadvantages:
Purification of this vaccine can cause immunogenicity to be lost.
It doesn’t show long-term memory/immunity.
This vaccine is a DNA vaccine. It uses genetically modified DNA to produce antigen in the body.
Advantages:
DNA vaccines do not require boosters or adjuvants.
The cells are not pathogenic, so they do not pose a risk to cause disease.
Disadvantages:
The vaccine is limited only to pathogens/microorganisms with immunogen proteins.
A response can be developed by the body against a DNA vaccine that is foreign or a mutation may occur.
6:Recombinant-proteins vaccine:This is a vaccine made from the subunits of proteins of viruses and pathogens that are involved in the immune response. Antigens can also be included.
Advantages:
There were no adverse effects.
After the first induction, it should be able to demonstrate long-term memory.
Disadvantage:
Subunit vaccines are produced using recombinant technologies and specific antigens to inflammatory agents.
Subunits can cause harmful effects or be virulent.
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